{"id":31079,"date":"2026-08-30T10:11:33","date_gmt":"2026-08-30T10:11:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/doingcable.com\/?p=31079"},"modified":"2026-08-30T10:11:36","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T10:11:36","slug":"what-is-a-copper-wire-annealing-and-tinning-machine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/doingcable.com\/ar\/what-is-a-copper-wire-annealing-and-tinning-machine\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

A \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/a><\/strong> is a continuous industrial line that does two jobs in one pass: it anneals<\/strong> hard-drawn copper wire so the conductor becomes soft and ductile, and it hot-dip tins<\/strong> the same wire so the surface is solderable and protected against oxidation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is not a drawing machine and it is not an electroplating line. After multi-wire drawing, copper is work-hardened and oxidizes quickly. Cable plants therefore put a tubular annealing\u2013tinning line between drawing and bunching \/ extrusion. The output is bright, soft, tinned monofilament wound on PT10\u2013PT25 plastic bobbins or larger process spools, ready for Class 5 \/ Class 6 flexible conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Typical commercial configurations run 12, 16, 24, 32, 40 or 60 heads<\/strong> at once, cover about 0.08\u20130.65 mm<\/strong>, and reach up to 300 m\/min<\/strong> on fine gauges. Furnace length is usually 4.5\u20139 m<\/strong>. Tin is applied by single or dual hot-dip baths<\/strong> with wipe dies\u2014not by electrolytic plating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646<\/strong> if you need a 24 \/ 40 \/ 60-head line sized to your inlet diameter, elongation target and take-up bobbin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Why cable plants combine annealing and tinning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Drawn copper is strong but brittle. Annealing recrystallizes the grain structure, restores elongation and keeps conductivity close to the IACS reference used for electrical copper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bare annealed copper still tarnishes. A continuous tin envelope:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Blocks atmospheric oxidation and green copper salts that later stain insulation<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Improves solderability for terminations and harness work<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Raises practical service temperature of the conductor surface (tin coatings are commonly used up to about 150 \u00b0C in coated-conductor practice)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Reduces rubber \/ PVC adhesion problems and conductor blackening inside some insulation systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Hot-dip tin also forms a copper\u2013tin intermetallic at the interface. That bond is why ASTM B33 tests adherence<\/strong> by wrap-and-immersion as well as continuity<\/strong> by hydrochloric acid\u2013sodium polysulfide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    How the machine works (process chain)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    A production annealing and tinning line is a straight, multi-station process: pay-off \u2192 tubular anneal \u2192 water seal \/ dry \u2192 pickle or flux \u2192 hot-dip tin \u2192 wipe die \u2192 cool \u2192 take-up<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Pay-off.<\/strong> Hard-drawn fine wire comes from \u00d8300 mm (or specified) bobbins. Brush pay-off, curl-flyer or constant-tension pay-off keeps each of the 12\u201360 ends from slapping or stretching. Surface must already be round and free of drawing-soap films; residual lubricant oxidizes fast and must be tinned promptly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. Tubular annealing.<\/strong> Each wire runs inside its own heat-resistant tube (commonly 321 stainless process tubes, 2520-grade heater tubes on many Chinese-built lines). Electric radiation heating, multi-zone PID and K-type thermocouples hold a stable profile. Protection is a water seal<\/strong> at the furnace mouth plus steam or nitrogen<\/strong> inside the tubes so the copper does not scale. Effective furnace length is typically 5 m, 6 m, 7 m or 9 m; longer tubes give more dwell at a given speed and are used on heavier gauges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Annealing set-point is kept slightly below a stand-alone annealer<\/strong>, because the wire is reheated in the tin bath. Too hot + too slow \u2192 over-soft or color shift later; too cold + too fast \u2192 low elongation and breaks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. Water seal, wipe and dry.<\/strong> The water trough isolates air from the hot tubes, quenches scale risk and strips loose oxide. A blower \/ small drying oven removes moisture before flux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. Pickling \/ flux.<\/strong> A controlled acid or flux pad removes remaining oxide so molten tin wets the copper. Poor pickling is the most common cause of bare spots and failed continuity tests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. Hot-dip tin bath.<\/strong> Commercially pure tin is melted in a one-piece cast pot (often HT200) heated by immersion tubes. Industrial practice for copper wire is a bath in the approximately 250\u2013270 \u00b0C<\/strong> window; related hot-dip tin studies on copper cluster around 260\u2013280 \u00b0C<\/strong> to keep flowability without runaway intermetallic growth. Too low \u2192 dull, rough coat and breaks; too high \u2192 discoloration and thick Cu\u2013Sn alloy that raises resistivity. Dual-pot layouts let one bath run while the other is skimmed or alloy-adjusted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    6. Wipe \/ scrape dies.<\/strong> Diamond or tungsten-carbide dies meter the liquid tin. Undersize dies break wire; oversize dies waste tin and leave a heavy, uneven coat. Diamond is preferred on fine wire for surface finish. Some lines add an air knife after the die.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    7. Cooling.<\/strong> Combined air + water cooling locks the coat before take-up. Incomplete cooling makes adjacent wires stick on the bobbin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    8. Capstan and torque take-up.<\/strong> An inverter-driven haul-off sets line speed. Torque-motor take-up on PT5\u2013PT25 (or mixed sizes on single-side traverse) winds each end with controlled tension. Line speed must match dwell in both the annealer and the tin pot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Hot-dip tin vs electroplating<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Item<\/th>Hot-dip on this machine<\/th>Electroplating<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    Coating method<\/td>Wire through molten tin + wipe die<\/td>Electrolytic cell<\/td><\/tr>
    Bond<\/td>Instant Cu\u2013Sn intermetallic<\/td>Mechanical \/ electrolytic deposit<\/td><\/tr>
    Residues<\/td>No plating-bath chemistry on the wire<\/td>Risk of chemical residues if rinse is poor<\/td><\/tr>
    Whiskers<\/td>Generally not associated with hot-dip pure tin on wire<\/td>More often discussed on electrodeposits<\/td><\/tr>
    Typical plant use<\/td>Fine multi-end cable conductors after drawing<\/td>Selected electronics \/ thickness-critical parts<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    For multi-end 0.08\u20130.65 mm cable wire, hot-dip on a tubular line is the standard factory method. Electroplating is a different capital line and a different process window.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    What the finished wire must pass<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Buyers should specify the wire standard<\/strong>, not only the machine model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n